Battle Hymn of the Republic First Published Version

Food And Drink Industries Companies - 1622 Words

Introduction As we all know, taste and smell are a â€Å"must have† for food and drink industries and one can easily imagine that these characteristics can be a clear differentiating factor on the â€Å"the more the better† axis in the pharmaceutical, packaging or environmental sectors. Many companies usually use human taste panels to measure taste and smell. However, human nose is very sensitive and experts can control panels. Accordingly, this approach can carry a lot of variation over time. Moreover, this process is time consuming, costly and limited by the number of samples that can be tested. It requires involving people from outside of the company so it is needed to deal with issues like confidentiality, safety and public image. Based on any†¦show more content†¦The results that are related to human data can make this measurement as â€Å"absolute† as possible. In the measure phase, the advantage of E-noses and E-tongues is that they could reduce cycle times for each measurement as much as 80 or 90 percent, improve repeatability and reproducibility across data collection and acquire the data with lower price. Also, in the improving and control phase, E-noses and E-tongues can help to design and implement experiments for given objects to find optimal process conditions. It is also worth mentioning that the new measurement system can handle changes and sustain the profitable performance in a long-term perspective. This project was focused on illustrating how E-noses and E-tongues help companies to improve their CTQs. So, although DMAIC team did not have a specific plan and timeline for any specific company, the project can still get a medium grade for the first criteria since they completed their primary goal which consisted in analyzing the benefits of using E-noses and E-tongues to help companies improve their product performance. Application of Six Sigma Tools One of the most important segments is to use the tools and techniques in a correct and proper way within the Six Sigma application. In the project’s beginning, a Kano model was used to indicate how the â€Å"Soft attributes† such as Tastes as a differentiating factor canShow MoreRelatedFood And Non Alcoholic Beverages Industry Essay806 Words   |  4 PagesIndustry Background SIC and NAICS An industry as complex as the Food and Non-Alcoholic beverages industry must be coded by organizing smaller sub-categories when referencing the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system and the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). These systems categorize industries using codes to aid in analytical research for Federal statistical agencies. (United States Census Bureau, 2012). A quick search using key words or the actual code will allow theRead MoreCompany s External And Internal Environment Analysis1387 Words   |  6 Pagespurpose of this paper is through the company s external and internal environment analysis to evaluate the company in the industry and future developments. Assess the external environment mainly through PESTLE Analysis and Porter s 5 Forces. Strategic Recourses Capability Analysis for internal environmental assessment is conducted. Finally, the company somehow SWOT analysis, concluded †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ This article mainly refer to the company s annual financial reports, industry reports and official website asRead MoreThe Proposition For The Debate On Food Standards Australia And New Zealand979 Words   |  4 Pagespermit the use of proven health claims on food labels. Food Standards Australia and New Zealand (FSANZ) write the food labelling laws and local State and Territory agencies enforce these laws. There are also fair trading laws that require labels to be truthful. Standards to regulate health claims were introduced in 2013 so that consumers would not be misled. Standard 1.2.7 became law on 18 January 2013 to regulate nutrient content claims and health claims on food labels and in advertisements. It wasRead MoreThe Soft Drink Manufacturing And Carbonated Beverages Market Essay979 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States, The Soft Drink Manufacturing and carbonated beverages market is dominated by three major companies. They are Coca-Cola, PepsiCo, and the Dr. Pepper Snapple Group. These companies account for 66% of the total market shares Coca-Cola (28.6%), Pepsi Co Inc (26.8%), and the Dr. Pepper Snapple Group (8.6%). The carbonated soft drinks account for 65%, and noncarbonated beverages account for 35% of the industry market. The demand for soft drinks is driven by consumer tastes preferencesRead MorePremier Drinks : Ficial Soft Drink Of Bulgaria Essay829 Words   |  4 PagesPremier Drinks: The Official Soft Drink of Bulgaria Our client, Premier Drinks of Sofia, Bulgaria specializes in the production and distribution of soft drinks and has been the primary soft drink company in Bulgaria for over 20 years. The company produces a variety of products that include carbonated and non-carbonated soft drinks, table water and energy drinks. For the past year Enhanced Analytics has delivered an expensive and competitive marketing campaign for Premier Drinks, but despite theRead MoreJust Water : Who Is Just? Essay1654 Words   |  7 Pagesshaking up the industry. As an example beyond their packaging they are paying 6 times as much for the water as the local community but the major criticism against bottled water has always been the plastic packaging and they’ve come up with a solution to that concern, but have also gone well beyond just creating a product, they’ve created a company that matches their product’s brand. Incredibly conscious of their social and environmental responsibilities. The bottled water industry The bottled waterRead MorePepsico : Who Are They?1526 Words   |  7 Pagesproduction. â€Å"PepsiCo is one of the world’s leading food and beverage companies with over $63 billion in net revenue in 2015 and a global portfolio of diverse and beloved brands† (1). They are known for their strength in diversified product portfolio, dominance in their market position, and their state of the art focus on research and development. The opportunities they have to face are a growing consumer focus on health and wellness, increase in global food consumption, and productivity initiatives (2)Read MoreCoca Cola And The Soft Drink Manufacturing Market1161 Words   |  5 PagesThe primary industry Coca-Cola is in the Soft Drink Manufacturing market consisting of different types of soft drinks with its target being at mainly restaurants and grocery stores across the United States. Varieties of coke include serves different coke flavors such as original, vanilla, cherry, and caffeine free. Even though these different types of Coca-Cola products are sold as consumer products, they serve as a core component for other types of soft drink products, including non-carbonatedRead MorePepsico s Gatorade Brand And Its Impact On The World s Premier Consumer Products1321 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Gatorade is a PepsiCo owned company that manufactures many sports-themed beverages as well as food products. The Gatorade beverages are based on the oral rehydration therapy, which involves drinking sugar and salt mixed water for the purpose of rehydrating. The Gatorade brand uses carbohydrates and electrolytes to replenish athletes after rigorous physical activity (Gatorade, 2014). Gatorade sweetens their drinks using a mixture of sucrose-dextrose, which reduces the calorie count ofRead MorePepsico : The Food And Drink Industry1586 Words   |  7 Pagesbrands becoming a dominate company is the food and drink industry. In recent years they have been getting a bad reputation due to their unhealthy drinks and foods. In a 20 ounce bottle of Pepsi, there is 13.8 teaspoons of sugar. â€Å"Two out of three adults and one of three children in the United States are overweight or obese.† Studies have shown that the number of health problems that are related to obesity is due to the in creased consumption of sugary drinks. High sugar drinks are being compared to cigarettes

Stress and Self Esteem Free Essays

In recent studies philosophers have discussed whether stress and self-esteem have any relations to one another. Does the effect of a person’s stress affect their self esteem? It might seem that a person with low self esteem could be the effects of a high level of stress. Self-Esteem affects everyone, especially teenagers. We will write a custom essay sample on Stress and Self Esteem or any similar topic only for you Order Now The articles suggest that there may be other factors that influence stress and self esteem. Introduction â€Å"The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines stress as a physical, chemical, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental tension and may be a factor in disease causation. It may seem confusing but everyone has dealt with stress in their lifetime. Stress is something that is not diagnosed by a doctor, but when a person is stressed, they can definitely feel it (R. , Jill, 2012, par 2). What is self esteem? It is the opinion you have for yourself and your value as a person. Self confidence is also a major role in self esteem. Studies have shown that there is a negative relationship between self esteem and stress. It was also found that self esteem appears to control the effects of stress on psychological functioning. Those with low self esteem distribute more of a higher stress level than those with a high self esteem. By having a high self esteem it makes dealing with stress easier. High self esteem may protect the individual from distress by allowing the individual to feel less vulnerable and help them rise up from difficult situations. High self esteem may also result in more active and effective coping and in enhanced motivation in response to stress (Abel, 1996). Individuals have their own way they deal with stress and their self esteem. Stress and self esteem have relations to one another but people deal with things differently. â€Å"Another study examined self esteem as a moderator of the influence of perceived stress and coping on symptoms of depression in a sample of 713 college students. The results suggest that self esteem may play an important role in the development of depressive symptoms in college students through interactions with perceived stress and coping (Eisenbarth, 2012, par. 1). † If an individual does not see them self as worthy, or important, a rise in stress is likely to occur (Eisenbarth, 2012). I believe the strength of the relationship between the two variables is a medium. Even though research suggests that stress and self esteem do not have such a close connection, I think self esteem and stress are closely connected because every person handles stress differently. If a person has a high level of stress and a low self esteem, it may cause his or her self esteem level drop even more. College students tend to have a higher stress level which could lead to serious depression disorders. The transactional model of stress and coping forwarded by Lazarus and Folk-man (1984) defines stress as an imbalance between people’s perception of the demands placed upon them and their interpretation of the resources available to cope with those demands (Esienbarth, 2012, par 3). † Those with higher levels of self esteem may take stress more lightly, while those with low self esteem may only see the negative sides of the stress which could cause their stress to heighten even more. â€Å"A United States study shows that forty three percent of adults suffer adverse health effects from stress (Hall, 2012, par 2). If an individual has a high self esteem and recently suffers from a lot of stress can cause the persons self esteem to go from high to low. Having a low self esteem can lead to weight gain and depression. If a person does not get help when suffering stress or self esteem problems, it could eventually lead to health problems. Researchers found that there is a strong relationship between how someone copes with stress and self esteem. People with low self esteem are more likely to view their behavior as being dependent on the situation while people with high self esteem have a greater ability to connect in a wide range of coping behaviors. Why do people with low self esteem view their coping behavior more as self-dependent? It has been suggested that self esteem influences coping because it is so strongly related to personal preferences which they use for their own differences and outcomes (Abel, 1996). It may be that peoples coping styles reflect their self esteem, but they could also be building a barrier that could make their self esteem crash. If a person continuously worries about their self esteem and how to cope with it, the more stressed and anxious they may become. Self esteem is not as important as self acceptance. Many people argue that self esteem and self acceptance are the same thing, however to some people they disagree (R. , Jill, 2012). Things people need to do to make themselves feel better is to learn to accept themselves for who they are and not what you expect yourself to be. Everyone does good and bad things. Stress and self esteem are handled differently by everyone. Building a high self esteem can take years to complete and when they face stress it doesn’t affect them as much as it does a person with low self esteem. By having high self esteem it makes dealing with situations easier. People with low self esteem seem to be shy, quiet, and self conscious about themselves and when they have high levels of stress they tend to keep to them self and cope with it on their own (R. , Jill, 2012). There are many different ways of coping with stress because everyone has it. Stress is a normal situation for people and everyone deals with it their own ways. Even though research says stress and self esteem have little to do with each other, there have not been a lot of studies to prove it. In conclusion, Stress and self esteem have little to do with how people deal with or perceive the levels of stress in their lives. It has more to do with other factors such as coping styles and self concept. The purpose of this correlation essay was to research that people with high self esteem see themselves to have lower levels of stress than those with low self esteem and people who have low self esteem perceive themselves to have high levels of stress than those with high self esteem (Eisenbarth, 2012). References Abel, M. H. (1996). Self-Esteem: Moderator of mediator between perceived stress and expectancy of success. Psychological Reports, 79, 635-641. Eisenbarth, Chris. (2012). Does Self-Esteem Moderate the Relations among Perceived Stress, Coping, and Depression? College Student Journal, 46, 149-157. Retrieved from http://www. nclive. org. Hall, Joanna. (2012). Outsmart Stress. Good Health, 72-74. Retrieved from http://www. nclive. org. R. , Jill. (2012) Stress and Self Esteem. Retrieved from http://www. ourstressfullives. com How to cite Stress and Self Esteem, Papers

Collaborate with Your Competitors and Win free essay sample

Collaborate with your Competitors and Win Gary Hamel, Yves L. Doz, and C. K. Prahalad Summary This article discusses that collaboration between competitors can be a beneficial experience for all member companies. Three conditions are specified for creating a positive collaborative environment, first that the partners goals converge while their competitive goals diverge. If the two firms are working on similar technologies to support different core businesses, then there is a higher chance for successful collaboration and a lower chance for competitive disturbance. If, both companies are hasing a larger player in the industry, then both companies are motivated to work with each other to stand against the larger player. If both collaborators believe that they can learn key skills from the other collaborator without giving up too much proprietary information, then the chance of success for the Joint venture is higher. The article describes how an organization can prepare defences to protect against negative technology transfer to the other firm. The authors discuss how Western culture is prone to sharing while Eastern cultures are more closed. The ability for echnology transfer to occur differs based on the complexity and portability of an idea. If a firm has a better technology where its blueprint can be downloaded onto a disk and emailed to a competitor, then there is a high degree of risk for that firm. If one firms advantage is in its holistic process, then this is something that can be identified and studied but not easily replicated. The major findings are that the key to successful collaboration is in an organizations ability to learn. It must have the willingness to closely examine the functions of its partner and be able to circulate its earnings throughout its organization to maximize gain. In this analysis we will be discussing various types of collaborations, the reasons why competitors should collaborate and not collaborate. How to create defences for excessive passage of knowledge amongst competitors and principles of successful collaborations? Table of Contents 1 . The Meaning and types of Competitive Collaboration 2. Why Collaborate 3. General Argument 4. How to Build Secure Defenses 5. Winning through collaboration 6. Questions 7. References Collaboration with competitors Collaboration is a strategic coalition among two firms with the purpose of providing elling similar products and are each others competition come together to achieve a similar goal. Collaborating with your competitors with the right approach of give-and- take and without compromising each of the firms competitive position in the industry is highly successful. Sharing between companies is a clever strategy as long as there is clear understanding that the relationship is of give and take and both companies benefit equally without compromising their competitive position in the industry. A few examples of companies collaborating NUMMI (General Motors + Toyota) Sony Ericsson (Sony + Ericsson) Verizon Wireless (Verizon communications + Vodafone) XFL (NBC + World wrestling entertainment) Nokia Siemens Network (Nokia + Siemens AG) A few more JVC and Kenwood develop car audio and home audio products Siemens and Philips develop semi conductors Canon supplies photocopiers to Kodak There are four types of competitive collaborations 1 . Joint Ventures A Joint venture is an entity formed between two or more parties to undertake economic activity together. The parties agree to create a new entity by both contributing equity, and they then share in the revenues, expenses, and control of the enterprise. 2. Outsourcing Contracts Outsourcing is subcontracting a process, such as product design or manufacturing, to a third-party company. The decision to outsource is often made in the interest of lowering cost or making better use of time and energy costs. 3. Product Licensing business arrangement in which one company gives another company permission to manufacture its product for a specified payment 4. Strategic Alliance A strategic alliance is a cooperative strategy wherein allying firms pool their resources in order to pursue specific market opportunities The analysis of 1 5 mergers of three main types: four intra-European alliances, two European-Japanese alliances, and seven U. S. -Japanese alliances found that collaboration is often used by successful businesses. Alliances between Asian companies and Western rivals seem to work against the Western partner. Collaboration is competition in a different form. Companies have to enter collaborations knowing that competition still exists. They must have clear strategic objectives, and understand how their partners objectives will affect their success. Harmony is not the most important measure of success. Most winning alliances do not always have win-win circumstances. As competitive competencies expand, rewards of the partnership. Cooperation has limits. Organizations must protect against competitive compromise. Companies need to ensure that workers at all levels recognize what corporate information is off limits to the collaborator. Providing access to too much information can make one more open to losing market share to your collaborator. Learning from partners is paramount. Remember that Asian companies focus on learning, while Western companies want to demonstrate their superiority and leadership. This provides partners with knowledge that will benefit hem in the long-term. You cannot make a Western company want to learn. Western companies have certain arrogance after decades of leadership that detracts from their ability to learn. Why should one collaborate with competitors? . 1. In order to strengthen competitive advantages or core competencies A competitive advantage is an advantage gained over competitors by offering customers greater value, either through lower prices or by providing additional benefits and service that Justify similar, or possibly higher, prices. When two companies collaborate they become more equipped to face the big competitor in the arket by gaining access to a unique feature that was missing for them to cater to a huge or a bigger market. 2. Expand technological evolution at a reasonably low cost Creating a separate team to develop technology adds to a lot of cost, it makes more sense to utilize the technology that is already available in the market and customize it as per your needs. Collaborating with competitors gives easy access to the required technology and also a chance to the collaborator to learn from the other partners mistake. . Grow market access at a low cost Collaborators can gain easy access to arkets through their partners who already have access to desired consumers and markets. The collaborators can save money and time that they would have otherwise invested on research and development in order to access the same market and to create distribution networks. 4. Gain knowledge of partners business practices and strategies Easy access to the knowledge that the partner already possesses. Both parties can easily learn from each others mistakes, learn each others way of doing business and understand the approach they follow to earn maximum profits. 5. Develop standards through examination of the practices of the partner firm Risks of Competitors collaborating Competitive Collaboration can strengthen both companies against the competition outside however it has created uneasiness about the long-term outcomes. A companys competitive position may grow weaker as compared to the partner company through operations or strategic exposure. Unintentional competencies are transferred or compromised. * Dependence on the alliance firm often increases. * The employees start becoming local while working on the alliance firms territory. with industry leaders. This usually forces the partners to accept that they are mutually dependent upon each other. Long-term collaboration may be so important to both that neither will risk provoking the other. * Both partners need to consider that th ere is an equivalent chance for gain. * The alliance firms strategic goals meet while their competitive goals deviate. Each collaborator believes it can learn from the other and at the same time limit access to proprietary skills. Businesses may think that to collaborate with a competitor to steal their secrets and use them to their profit is deceitful. However, forming a strategic alliance is usually advantageous to companies, each sharing what they know and learning what they eed to know from the other company to achieve a goal that is not likely otherwise. Competitive partnerships can strengthen both companies against the other big competitors in the market. However at times it has activated unease about the long- term consequences. Western firms usually reveal a lack of strategic aim in collaborative efforts. Western firms primary goal is often cost reductions when entering into collaborative agreements. The strategic intent problem is amplified by the fact that Western firms generally place little or no emphasis on learning from the alliance partner. It is believed that Western firms often seek quick and easy fixes to organizational problems when they enter into a collaborative situation. Western firms often take on the teacher role in a collaborative situation and are quick to demonstrate and explain aspects of their business strategies and competitive advantage. The contribution of a Western firm in a collaboration effort is often in the form of technology and is relatively easy for the alliance firm to transfer. In many instances, Western firms are less skilled at limiting unintended competency transfer than their Japanese counterparts. How to ensure that a strategic alliance doesnt work against your company * Possibility of transfer is bigger when a partners input is easily transported, easily understood, and easily captivated. Limit unintended transfers at the operating level * Have a collaboration division * Control information flows to a partner * Limit the number of gateways * Dispute is to create a balance in a way that it become easier to allocate skills that will create benefit to the partnership and will also prevent an extensive transmit of core skills to the partner. Limit the scope of the formal agreement to cover only a ingle technology * Part of a product line rather than an entire line * Limit distribution toa few markets at a time * Make sure all participating/non-participating employees understand the objectives and risks of the alliance * Agreements must establish specific performance requirements Establish specific performance requirements with incremental, incentive-based Rewards for effective technology transfer. For example, an agreement between Motorola and Toshiba required Motorola to transfer microprocessor technology incrementally as Toshiba achieved specific semiconductor market share targets in Japan for Motorola. Restrict access to key facilities and Partnerships run smoothly when one partner is intent on learning and the other is intent on avoidance, or when one partner is willing to grow dependent on the other. Such sort of arrangement is similar to that of outsourcing, wherein a large company gives a smaller company the information necessary to develop a defined item for the parent company. Examples of this include Siemens buying computers from Fujitsu, or Apple buying laser printer engines from Canon. Japanese firms emerge from cooperation stronger than their Western counterpart because the focus on learning. NEC enters partnerships to learn about areas in which they lack competence. NEC is the only company in the world that is a leader in telecommunications, computers, and semiconductor markets. Western companies, by contrast, typically enter collaborations to ignore short term investment related to entering a new market or business. Western firms are least bothered about learning a new business or technology. Western firms seek a comfortable relationship, forgetting that the merger may not last. Japanese companies always see Joint ventures as a way to progress in areas where they are weak. Mergers fail when doubt and disagreement spoils the relationship. Japanese firms tend to collaborate for very dissimilar reasons than their Western counterparts. Western firms typically have a technology to transfer, whereas Asian companies most often have ability, like manufacturing expertise. There has been very little collaboration between Korean and Japanese companies, since both countries seek to improve their weaknesses without revealing much to the partner. A collaboration in which one side avoids investment and the other side seeks to learn work out the best. Asian companies protect proprietary nformation from being shared with a partner. Western firms hardly ever limit the extent of information to be passed to the partner due to lack of communications. Top management and lawyers put together cooperative agreements, but technology transfer takes place within the organization. Asian companies often supply manufacturing skill to a coalition, which tends to be a nontransferable ability. Manufacturing skills often result from a complex web of employee training, workforce involvement, mixing with suppliers, statistical process controls, value engineering and design for manufacture. Western firms tend to supply a distinct, separate technology that is more easily learned and mastered by Asian partner. Common aspects of successful collaborations * In order for a strategic alliance and collaboration to be successful is for both parties to be able to transfer something distinctive to the other party: basic research, product development skills, manufacturing capacity, access to distribution. * The strategies of the collated companies unite as their competitive goals depart. * In most winning collaborative situations the collaborated firms are relatively small ompared to the industry leaders. Every alliance partner is generally certain in its capability to intake knowledge from the other, while at the same time defending against competitive compromise. * Clear Strategic objectives and deep understanding of partners objectives. Successful collaborators enter alliances with clear strategic objectives and understand their partners objectives. * Harmony is not important measure for success. Occasional conflict may be the best evidence of successful collaboration. * Understand that co-opera tion has limits. Must defend against competitive ompromise, with on and off-limits knowledge clearly identified and monitored by all employees. * Learning from the partner is the objective (goal). Successful companies view each alliance as a window into their partners broad capabilities and build skills in areas outside the formal agreement diffuse this knowledge into their own company. Questions * What advantages do competitors get when they collaborate? * In what scenarios strategic alliance can work against a partner? And how can it be prevented? * What are the 4 key factors of a successful collaboration of competitors? References

Horse Dealers Daughter Essays - British Films,

Horse Dealer's Daughter This story is about a girl named Mabel who tries to commit suicide by drowning herself in a pond. A young doctor, Joe Ferguson, saves her. She then believes that he loves her. Although this idea never occurred to Joe, he begins to find that he indeed loves her. However, Mabel thinks she is "too awful" to be loved, and finds that when Joe declares over and over that he wants her and that he loves her, she is more scared about that than of Joe not wanting her. So does Joe really love Mabel? Somehow, he is convinced that he is. I don't think the idea of love or marriage ever occurred to him. When Mabel finds out that he saved her, she convinces herself that he loves her. "Do you love me, then?" she asks him. Then, more confidently, she says, "You love me. I know you love me, I know." The reason why I think she committed suicide is because she felt unloved at her home. Her father had recently died and her brothers were unkind to her. The father had left the family in debt, and the family will soon have to leave their house and move somewhere else. When asked which path she would pursue, she did not answer. I don't think she had anything planned. She probably didn't have a good education so there were few options for her. Perhaps she felt overwhelmed with the pressure to decide what to do, and decided to commit suicide. Thus, when Joe Ferguson saves her, her hope in life is renewed and she convinces herself that Joe loves her. So why does Joe convince himself that he loves Mabel? Perhaps he has never felt love before. He didn't want to at first, thinking it unprofessional, as he was a doctor, and she, his patient. No doubt he has spent much of his time on studies rather than girls. When they embrace, he feels he can never let go; until he smells "the horrid stagnant smell of that water" from the pond. Both seem to stop and draw away from each other. Mabel had a wild, doubtful look about her; Joe could not interpret it. One reason he may have convinced himself that he loved her is because he did not like that look and wanted to stop it. "You love me?" she asks. He replies,"Yes." When Joe leaves to go back to the surgery, he kisses her "with his heart's painful kiss." But she breaks down sobbing about how she is so awful. Joe tries to convince her that he loves her and wants to marry her. She is not convinced. "I feel awful. I feel I'm horrible to you." "No, I want you, I want you." he says with a strange intonation. This makes her even more scared. She realizes then that she really does not love him. I believe this story is about two people with low self-esteem. They both need love and convince themselves to love the other. I do not believe this to be real love, because it did not last, and one cannot convince themselves to fall in love with another. I felt disenchanted after reading this story. It was a bit sad, seeing two people who need love but cannot find it even from each other. I wanted to find out who it was that had misled themselves into thinking they were in love. I believe that both Mabel and Joe are guilty of this.

The following piece Essays

The following piece Essays The following piece Paper The following piece Paper Essay Topic: Leviathan In this essay, I intend to analyse the following piece of Leviathan: The Obligation of subjects to the Sovereign, is understood to last as long, and no longer, than the power lasteth, by which he is able to protect them. For the right men have by Nature to protect themselves, when none else can protect them, can by no Covenant be relinquished. The Soveraignty is the Soul of the Common-wealth; which once departed from the Body, the members doe no more receive their motion from it. The end of Obedience is Protection; which, wheresoever a man seeth it, either in his own, or in anothers sword, Nature applyeth his obedience to it, and his endeavour to maintaine it. And though Soveraignty, in the intention of them that make it, be imortall, yet is it in its own nature, not only subject to violent death, by foreign war; but also through the ignorance, and passions of men, in hath in it, from the very institution, many seeds of a naturall mortality, by Intestine Discord. (chap. 21, p.153). This extract can be found in Leviathans Part 2, Of Common-wealth. It is preceded by Of Man, in which after having described men, their defining features, (such as the use of words, reason, judgement), Hobbes concludes that because men are born equal, but at the same time differ immensely in their opinions, and in the objects of their passions, no man can assume that his own judgement is better than that of one other, and, in dubious situations, men cannot come to any kind of agreement on what is good or bad; right or wrong. The solution Hobbes provides for this ethical relativism constitutes his political theory, and is developed in Part 2: because in the state of nature the only rule for mens actions is The Right of Nature i.e., the Liberty each man hath, to use his own power, as he will himselfe, for the preservation of his own Nature; that is to say, of his own Life; and consequently, of doing any thing, which in his own Judgement, and Reason, hee shall conceive to be the aptest means thereunto. (Chap. 14, p. 91), this state of nature can only be one of permanent war of all against all, for peoples independent judgements on what is good for them will inevitably lead to clashes among them. Thus, Hobbess conclusion is that clearly, such natural right to seek self-preservation is self-defeating, and men in the state of nature will come to realise that only rational thing to do in order to escape such a state of permanent fear and diffidence is to renounce their right of private judgement over what is to count as dangerous, and accept for themselves the judgement of a common authority and because no man can pretend to be a better judge than one other, than the choices made by that sovereign on behalf of the people are not likely to be worse than the ones one would take for oneself, their value relies on the fact that they bring agreement and peace: the main role of the sovereign, therefore, and his only obligation, is to guarantee that people are out of danger. The Obligation of subjects to the Sovereign, is understood to last as long, and no longer, than the power lasteth, by which he is able to protect them. From this obligation to make sure that his people are safe, it follows that the sovereign should be, according to Hobbes, fully empowered to maintain peace by whatever means, and, for instance, it is directly annexed to the Soveraignty, to be Judge of what Opinions and Doctrines are averse, and what conducing to Peace; and consequently, on what occasions, how farre, and what, men are to be trusted withall, in speaking to Multitudes of people; and who shall examine the Doctrines of all bookes before they be published. For the Actions of men proceed from their Opinions; and in the well governing of Opinions, consisteth the well government of mens Actions, in order to their Peace, and Concord. And though in matter of Doctrine, nothing ought to be regarded but the Truth; yet this is not repugnant to regulating of the same by Peace []. (ch ap. 18) Such a restriction of ones liberty of thought, for the sake of peace might seem shocking to us nowadays, and remind us of totalitarian regimes. However, one should not forget that Hobbes was writing in the seventeenth-century, and by writing this he intended to make sure that the sovereigns power would be above that of churches, since religion was the cause of most civil wars across Europe, and the only means to control the power of such institutions was to fully allow the sovereign to determine a public doctrine. However, as Tuck notes, this was mainly a negative role: to align opinions, not to work hard in order to secure the acceptance of any particular point of view. (R. Tuck, Hobbes, 1989 p.75) Thus, one can see that there are limitations to the sovereigns power: he should only restrict peoples liberty of choice to that extent he judges necessary in order to prevent civil war, and not any beyond that. However, these limitations are rather moral duties upon the sovereign than rights which his subjects can enforce against him: not until he threatens their lives can they legitimately break his rule: For the right men have by Nature to protect themselves, when none else can protect them, can by no Covenant be relinquished. Nonetheless, Hobbes does recognise that a sovereign who neglects his duties to such extent that he no more satisfies peoples basic needs, though not directly threatening their lives, will probably be unable to keep his authority for a long time: The Soveraignty is the Soul of the Common-wealth; which once departed from the Body, the members doe no more receive their motion from it. It is, however, clear in Hobbess account that in the relationship of representation the sovereign embodies the people, and they are to accept his decisions as if they were their own: thus there is no interaction between subjects and sovereign, and indeed, the people can only act through the person of the sovereign; in the state of nature, they are but a ghost, incapable of acting because incapable of finding any ground for agreement. Paradoxically enough, Hobbes, in the above quote, seems to recognise that the people have indeed some power: but it is only the power of agreeing on overthrowing the ruler on extreme situations, when temporary factors bring agreement among them (for instance, if the sovereign is so neglectful as to let a majority of people suffer from hunger). However all they can do after overthrowing the ruler is return to state of nature, in which they will see the necessity of establishing a new contract and a new ruler: The narrowness of the rights of the right which the citizen possesses against the sovereign [] is thus a function of the general narrowness of the rights which people possess under any circumstances; and that in turn, as we have seen, is a function of the impossibility of finding an agreed, coherent, and compelling moral theory of any elaborateness or complexity. (R. Tuck, Hobbes, 1989 p. 75)

Cultural Event Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cultural Event Report - Essay Example I decided to attend The Metropolitan Museum of Art because an important event related to world culture was organized by the museum authorities, i.e., an exhibition on Chinese art named as Colors of the Universe: Chinese Hardstone Carvings. My friends and I visited the Metropolitan Museum of Art on 08.09.2012. As pointed out, my focus was on the Colors of the Universe: Chinese Hardstone Carvings, especially the artworks in the Gallery 22. Visiting the museum, I was overwhelmed by the dedication shown by the museum authorities towards art and architecture. Elephant Carrying a Vase and Pomegranates The two artworks selected for description are Elephant Carrying a Vase and Pomegranates, displayed at Gallery 222. The artwork named as Elephant Carrying a Vase (see appendix-1) is symbolic of the decorative art in China during Qing dynasty. The medium used for this artwork is jade/nephrite. Besides, the artist provided ample importance to decorative work with ruby. But one can see that decor ative work with precious stones is not related to Chinese art. Instead, one can assume that the decoration is the visible example of the influence of Indian art on Chinese art during this time period (say, 18th -19th century). Ebrey (1993) states that, â€Å"Traditional scholarship and arts flourished under the patronage of the Qing emperors, and even in rural areas schools were common and basic literacy relatively high† (p.267). ... In short, the artwork is symbolic of the rich tradition of art in China, especially the tradition of stone carving in China. The artwork named as Pomegranates (see appendix-2) belongs to Qing Dynasty. In addition, this artwork is symbolic of the development of art in the 18th century China. The lower side of the artwork consists of a wooden like structure, which acts as a foundation to the artwork. The artist made use of dark and light colors to provide importance to the whole work. One can see that this artwork is symbolic of the Chinese belief in the relationship between seeds and fertility/longevity. To be specific, pomegranate is used as a medicine to enhance sexual performance, and the same is related to fertility. So, the artist amalgamated the importance of pomegranates in Chinese belief and fertility in his artwork. To be specific, most of the Chinese artworks during the Qing Dynasty are interconnected with the beliefs and rituals during that age. Besides, Chinese artworks ca nnot be considered as mere showcase pieces. Instead, artworks are presented to express one’s gratitude. In this artwork, agate is used as the medium. So, this artwork is symbolic of the Chinese tradition of providing importance to art in daily life. One can see three pomegranates, flower and leaves on the upper side of the artwork. Summary and reaction The exhibition (say, Colors of the Universe: Chinese Hardstone Carvings) at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, consists of a number of artworks related to Chinese art. Most of the artworks belong to 18th-19th century art in China. I tried my level best to have deeper understanding of the inherent theme/symbolism of the artworks. At first, I tried to have a bird’s eye

Mexican War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mexican War - Essay Example ico was becoming quite nervous about the number of Americans migrating into California, since they had no desire to go through another annexation such as Texas had been (Heidler and Heidler 48) It was also the belief of most politicians at the time, including President James K. Polk to achieve Manifest Destiny which stated that it was the wish of God to have all of the land under one government, from the Eastern coast of the Atlantic Ocean to the Western Coast of California (Heidler and Heidler 143). Between the wish to have the land of Texas under the flag of the United States, as well as the philosophy of Manifest Destiny, the United States declared and entered a war with Mexico in order to gain new land to add to the United States and achieve the dream of a coast-to-coast United States. Though Mexico and the United States had never been friends, the annexation of Texas in 1845 was a major blow to Mexico. Upon learning that Texas had, in fact, been annexed, Mexico banished the American ambassador and cut all diplomatic ties to the United States (Mintz, Moores, and Moores). Though the attempts made by Mexico to retake Texas in 1842 had been unsuccessful, they still refused to recognize the authority of Texas as a separate nation, holding out the hope that they could indeed retake the country (as it was then thought of) that had originally been part of Mexico (Mintz, Moores, and Moores). The United States offered Mexico $5 million to recognize the border of Texas as the Rio Grande River, rather than the Nueces River 130 miles northeast(Mintz, Moores, and Moores). The United States also offered up to an additional $5 million for the territory of New Mexico, and an additional proposal offering up to $25 million for the land of California (Mintz, Moores, and Moores). The Mexicans refused any and all offers due to their anger over the loss of Texas (Mintz, Moores, and Moores). Despite attempts to preserve peace, it was soon felt that war was the only

Visi a place of worship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Visi a place of worship - Essay Example I had the chance for this reason to visit the Greater Baltimore Temple located in Finksburg, Maryland not once but twice. My first visitation to the Greater Baltimore Temple was on the occasion of the Divali celebration (or Diwali as the poster at the temple said). For the Hindus, Diwali iss marked as most respectable festival and holy of the year, and it’s usually celebrated for five days. After my first visit, I was notified by the staff that there was going to be a traditional Hindu marriage on Saturday. I came back with the intention of observing the event and to carefully study on the building structure and the deities’ statutes since it was crowded (during the Divali). This paper is focused on my reflection from what I observed on my visitation to the Greater Baltimore Temple. According to the website of the temple, â€Å"In the early 1990s, several dedicated members of the Hindu-Jain community felt the need for a place of worship and to preserve our heritage for future generations† (Elfenbein, pg. 18). During my second visit, I had the opportunity to ask the elderly members in the temple some of my main concerns. For them, the temple not only serves as the worshiping place for the Hindu, but also as the meeting place for the Indian immigrants in the Washington D.C. and the Baltimore areas. Being an international student from India; therefore, I also share the same feeling like that of the Indian immigrant. For someone visiting United States from outside, she or he is most likely to appreciate the ordinary things/events that happen in her/his home and tends to form a community that represents one’s identity. During my visitation I had the chance to talk to young Indian parents about the relationship of the temple and their children. Since ch ildren are the third generation of the Indian immigrant, they are already fit in and influenced by the culture of the

Critical Issues Faces By Low Cost Airlines Management Essay

Critical Issues Faces By Low Cost Airlines Management Essay Ryanair started its operation in 1985. In the first year more than 5,000 passengers traveled between South Eastern Ireland and London. The company expanded continuously and by 1989 the company had 14 aircrafts over 600,000 passengers traveled per year. Over the four years the costs increased considerably and ends up with lpss of  £20 million In 1990 the current CEO Mr.Michael OLeary took over the management and conducted major changes in the company. Ryanair followed the the low cost-low frills concept and reduces the routes from 19 to 5 by 1991. The company increased the fleet to 21 over the next 6 years and remarkable increase in passenger traveled in Ryanair due to its low pricing policy. Ryanair unable to increase unto the market due to strict regulation imposed on European airlines. Ryanair took full advantage in 1997 open new routes in Continental Europe due to deregulation of European Union air transportation regulation. Over 160 routes have been established by 2001 and hubs have been set up all around the continent in London, Glasgow, Brussels, Frankfort, Milan, Now Ryanair is the key players within the European budget airline industry and perhaps the most profitable airline Identifying critical issues and core problem faces by low cost airline Regulation by domestic and EU European airline industry is always subject to regulation from both domestic and European Union. Before 1980 heavy restriction imposed by the individual countries to protect their national careers. Towards deregulating industry Ireland and UK signed bilateral agreement. In 1997 EU also deregulate the industry and any European airline can operate anywhere within the Europe. Ryanair benefited by this move. Subsequently EU introduces competition law which it prevent taking state aid and commission. Also any airline having dominant position in the market should not abuse the dominant position. Ryanair affected by this rule Charter carriers and Franchises of major airlines Charter flight operators have taken significant market share in Europe. Major charter operators are owned by the major travel agents or major commercial airlines operators. Small carriers such as Virgin Express have become franchise of major flag carriers. The flag carriers use these independent airlines as franchises to compete with low cost budget carriers such as Ryaniar and easyjet. Budget carriers cost base doesnt allow them to compete effectively on short-haul routes. Customer service satisfaction Ryanair has eliminated traditional in-flight services such as seat allocation, complementary meals and drink and news papers. Instead Ryanair earn profit from such secondary services by charging customers for in-flight services and other travel expenses such as travel insurance, car hire, Internet. Ryanair is extremely sensitive in changing the fare value. Recently it was widely on the media that Ryanair considering to charging fee for them for using the lavatory. Meanwhile Ryanair recently announced that its raising its checked luggage fee from à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬15 to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 20 per bag. (Appendix 10). Although the Ryanair has remarkable track record for punctuality, flight completion the perception of the softer side of its customer service has not always been good with much bad media. Ryanairs objectives and long term vision Ryanair objective to operate the largest amount of routes with lowest fare compare to any European Airline without compromising low cost carrier business model including quality of service. (Appendix 1 ) Purpose of this assignment Purpose of this assignment is to analyze Ryanairs long term vision of the business model and submit a report to the management in order for them for the future planning for the success of the company and to avoid any future threats. This report demonstrate Detailed study of Ryanairs current strategy and the management approach which impact on business operations and functions towards carriers customer relation. and the steps management has to focus in order to stay in strong position in the low cost market. It evaluate Ryanairs current strategy and the action plan to be carried out by the management in the future to avoid any future threats by the company. It also gives brief evaluation of Ryanairs financial analysis and how the environmental factors affect the European airline low cost industry. Method and theory used The strategies and theory put forward in this analysis are industry analysis, environmental analysis, and financial analysis Strategic factors and capabilities 6.1.0 External environment The PESTEL analysis Michael Porters five forces analysis clearly talk about external factors on Ryanair function and the strategies which are adapted by the organisation. Hence, a good perceptive of Ryanair external environment will identify the opportunities and avoid threats (Refer appendix diagram) An airline industry includes well established key players and to compete with each and other but rynair has high potential of attracting the market. Thus, the PESTEL variables in macro environment have major force on the performance of Ryanair . Internal environment. This environment analyses about the strengths and weaknesses of Ryanair. This aspect talks about Ryanair internal factors like skills, competitors and capabilities. Its measures the Rynairs efficiency and effectiveness to acquire competitive advantage (Refer appendix diagram) According to the value chain analysis it is mainly rely on Ryanairs primary and supporting activities. Value chain analysis creates a value for Ryanair. However, through this analysis it is clearly focus on quality of Ryanair. Industry analysis Before arrival of low-cost airline, major company such as British Airways dominated the Europium airline industry. Until 1997 one member nation could not fly passengers within another nations domestic market. The Ryanair enter in the low-cost market with grate obstacle to overcome. Nevertheless Ryanair able to bust the market with operating low cost while maintain the profit. As a result Ryanair has become the largest low cost carrier in Europe. In 1990 Ryanair operates with 74 aircraft including 41 Boeing 737-800, 21 Boeing737-200, 06 Boeing 737-300 and 6 BAE 146. The company offers approximately 475 short-haul flights per day serving 84 locations in the UK, Ireland and Europe. 2004 was the best year for Ryanair overtaking low-cost airline Easyjet became largest airline in terms of passenger in Europe carrying more than 23 million passengers brought in revenues of US $ 1.32 billion, an increase of 43% from the previous year. It crates strong Ryanair brand name and became Britain favorite low cost airline. Ryainair having all Boeing aircraft, hence it has grater bargaining power from the supplier. In 2002 Ryaniar placed half of its order towards increase its aircraft by 112 in the next 10 years. (Appendix 1). Also it planed to purchases technology more advance and environmental friendly Boeing 737-800 and retiring old Boeing 737-200. Boeing737-800 reduces fuel burn and CO2 emission per passenger kilometer by 45% All of the Boeing 737-800 that Ryanair has bought or committed to buy is certified for category IIIA landings (automatic landing with minimum horizontal visibility of 300 metros and no vertical visibility). Also Ryanair has installed Operational Flight Data Monitoring (OFDM) system on each of the Boeing 737-800 aircraft. The purpose of the system is to monitor operational trends and inform the management. By analyzing this report management able to identify potential area of risk to rectify any deviation from the normal operating procedure, thereby ensuring Ryanairs flight safety standard. During its past 24 year operation history Ryanair has not had any single incident involving injury to passengers or member of its flight crew. Positioning Ryanair is the very competitive low cost airline in the Europe. Towards lower its cost Ryanair uses secondary airports whereas the closest competitor Easyjet does not. (Appendix 4) Ryanair became no 1s in many areas. passenger traffic -over 23m for 2004 over take Easyjet passenger growth European routes (149) and bases (11) Customer service delivery punctuality, flight completion, and fewest lost baggage. Process of strategic management followed by Ryanair The Low cost carrier business model is highly competitive and the model enhances the development of strategy formulation skill by guiding business model systematic and comprehensive study of each business situation (Appendix 2) External factors sharpening competitive positioning the Ryanair There are not one but many factors which determine the strength of competition, the level of profitability of low cost carrier market. New entrance brings competition to the industry and risk of fall of market share and profitability. Environmental analysis European Union Regulations: The European airline always subject to regulation from European Union. The introduction of the competition law by European Union it prevents getting state aid, beneficial relationship with airport operators. EU expects by introducing this regulation there will be healthy competition among flight operators. The well discussed fact that Ryanair had more favorable relationship with airport operators has benefited the carrier in a tine industry growth and aggressive pricing. EU commission in February 2004 which ruled that Ryanair had been receiving illegal state subsidy for its base airport at publically owned by Charleroi Airport Appendix 8 Competition: After introduction of the competition law, competition in the airline industry increases dramatically. This creates an environment for new entrants in to the market. Due to the price competitions many of them could not lasted long. The main competition among the players in the industry dived into four main categories. The four categories are flag carriers, Independent airline, franchises of major airlines and charter operators. The independent carriers include low fare carriers such as Ryanair, easyjet. These low cost carriers slightly lower fare than flag carriers. Flag carriers uses independent carriers such as Virgin Express as franchises to compete effectively the low cost airlines in the short-haul routes. External forces. Airline industry has always subject to changes in the world. Especially outbreak of foot and mouth in the UK, the SARS epidemic in Asia, Terrorist attack on 9/11, Gulf war, Economic downturn and recent volcano eruption in Island. Financial analysis After Ryanair introduces low fare business model every year the number of passengers travelling increased. From 2002 the company starts to purchases Boeing 737-800

Does Delegated Legislation Represent a Threat to the Democratic Process

Delegated legislation is the power delegated by Parliament to some person or body to make law. The Act of Parliament that enacts a valid piece of delegated legislation, and the latter itself, both have the same legal force and effect. Parliament retains general control over the procedure for enacting such law. There are various types of delegated legislation. Orders in Council, Statutory Instruments, Bye-laws, Court Rule Committees, Professional regulations. It is essential to focus on the facts that specific controls have been established to oversee an unjust or inapplicable delegated legislation. Apart from the parliamentary control of the Join Select Committee on Statutory Instruments, Courts can also challenge ultra vires provisions through judicial review. Due to the complex nature of the delegated legislation, there are contradicting opinions about its democratic –or not- characteristics. Some people argue that as long as there is some control over delegated legislation not only by Parliament by more importantly by judiciary, this kind of legislation doesn’t seem to threaten the democratic process. In fact, given the pressure and waste of time on debating, it is more beneficial for the government to spend its precious time in a thorough consideration of the principles of the enabling Act, leaving the appropriate minister or body to establish the working details. The time saving and the fact that particular problems are faced swiftly from the minister or body overview ...